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Kourion is a major archaeological site on Cyprus’s southwestern coast, showcasing layers of history from the Neolithic era through the Roman and Byzantine periods.
Located near the village of Episkopi in the Limassol District, Kourion was originally settled by Mycenaean Greeks around the 13th century BCE. It later evolved into a prominent city-kingdom, strategically positioned on a limestone promontory overlooking the Mediterranean. The site’s elevated terrain offered natural defences and control over coastal trade routes, contributing to its long-standing significance in Cypriot history.
Kourion is renowned for its Greco-Roman theatre, which still hosts performances today, and its intricate mosaics found in the House of Eustolios. A catastrophic earthquake in the late 4th century CE devastated much of the city, an event memorialized in the “Earthquake House,” where ruins preserve a snapshot of daily life. Excavations have revealed temples, baths, and an agora, making Kourion a vivid window into ancient urban life on the island.
Aphrodite’s Rock, also known as Petra tou Romiou, is a striking sea stack on Cyprus’s southwest coast, traditionally regarded as the birthplace of the goddess Aphrodite.
Above: The specific rock known as Aphrodite's Rock is generally considered to be the large, impressive sea stack (a steep column of rock in the sea) located off the shore at the beach of Petra tou Romiou. The entire cluster of rocks and the surrounding coastline are often referred to by the same name, but the prominent, large sea stack is the primary focus of the legend.
Located near Kouklia along the scenic route between Limassol and Paphos, this geological formation is steeped in Greek mythology and offers dramatic coastal views. Its proximity to the main highway makes it an ideal stop for travellers exploring southern Cyprus, providing a blend of cultural lore and natural beauty. Though swimming and climbing are discouraged due to rough seas and safety rules, the site features nearby amenities and remains one of the island’s most photographed landmarks.
Paphos is a historic coastal city in southwestern Cyprus, renowned for its archaeological treasures and UNESCO World Heritage status. It was once the capital of the island during Roman times and is closely linked to the myth of Aphrodite, with ancient ruins like the Paphos mosaics and Tombs of the Kings drawing visitors year-round. Present-day Paphos offers a diverse mix of ancient history, beautiful beaches, and modern tourist amenities and, alongside the aforementioned Paphos International Airport, is consequently a very popular place to stay and one of the island’s major tourist hubs.
Above: Looking towards Riccia Beach, also known as SODAP Beach, considered the main central Paphos beach and situated on the southern coast.
The Tombs of the Kings, Paphos
The Tombs of the Kings in Paphos is a UNESCO World Heritage Site featuring underground burial chambers carved from solid rock, dating back to the 4th century BC.
Located about 1¼ miles (2km) north of Paphos Harbour, this necropolis was used for the interment of high-ranking officials and aristocrats during the Hellenistic and Roman periods – not actual kings, despite its name. The tombs are notable for their architectural grandeur, with some featuring Doric columns and layouts that mimic the homes of the living. Their design reflects strong cultural ties with Alexandria, highlighting Paphos’s historical significance as a Mediterranean hub.
Archaeological site of Nea Paphos
The Archaeological Site of Nea Paphos is a UNESCO World Heritage location that served as the capital of Cyprus from the 4th century BC to the 4th century AD.
Situated near the modern harbour of Paphos, this ancient city showcases a rich blend of Greek, Roman, and Byzantine influences. The site includes remarkably preserved Roman villas such as the House of Dionysos, House of Aion, and House of Theseus, known for their intricate mosaic floors.
Above: Sample photos of mosaics at the Archaeological site of Nea Paphos from the House of Dionysos, the House of Aion, and the House of Theseus respectively. The latter Roman mosaic, seen lower-right in the photo dates from 3rd-4th century AD and depicts the myth of Theseus slaying the Minotaur in the Labyrinth of Crete.
Other notable structures at the site include a Hellenistic-Roman theatre, an agora, an odeon (a building used for musical performances), and religious buildings like the Asklepion. Nea Paphos played a strategic role in maritime trade and administration, reflecting its importance in Mediterranean antiquity.
Above: A view from Nea Paphos towards Paphos Lighthouse, a well-known lighthouse on Cyprus.
Paphos Castle
Paphos Castle (below) is a medieval fortress located at the edge of Paphos Harbour and near Nea Paphos, originally built as a Byzantine fort and later reconstructed by the Lusignans and Ottomans. It served various roles over the centuries, including as a prison and warehouse, and today stands as a prominent historical landmark open to visitors.
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